Graphics DesignGraphics Design · Lesson 04

Colour Theory in Practice

Harmony, contrast, meaning and building a usable palette.

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Colour is emotion plus function. It signals brand, directs attention and encodes state — and it must survive accessibility requirements while doing all of it.

SchemeRecipeCharacter
MonochromaticOne hue, many valuesCalm, elegant, safe
AnalogousNeighbouring huesHarmonious, natural
ComplementaryOpposite huesHigh energy, punchy
Split-complementaryOne hue + two beside its oppositeContrast without clashing
TriadicThree evenly spaced huesVibrant, playful
  • 60-30-10 rule: 60% dominant/neutral, 30% secondary, 10% accent.
  • Value beats hue: if the design fails in greyscale, the hues won't save it.
  • Contrast: body text needs 4.5:1 against its background; large text 3:1.
  • Never rely on colour alone to convey meaning — add an icon or label.
  • Build tokens: background, surface, foreground, muted, primary, accent, destructive.
60-30-10 in action

Design in greyscale first, then add colour last. It forces hierarchy to come from value and layout rather than saturation.

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The 60-30-10 rule allocates 10% to...

Minimum contrast ratio for normal body text?